Sexo y su relación con el impacto académico en investigadores de Latinoamérica / Sex and its relation to the academic impact on researchers in Latin America

Las mujeres están subrepresentadas en la producción científica. Diversos estudios demuestran que las mujeres tienen menor participación en la autoría de artículos científicos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si el sexo se asocia con el impacto académico en investigadores de países latinoamericanos. Para esto se comparó el índice h y el número de citas. Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico con datos de la página Webometrics Ranking of World Universities que publica periódicamente "ránquines" de investigadores según sus perfiles en Google Académico. Se revisaron los 150 primeros puestos de 12 países de Latinoamérica y se evaluaron las diferencias en el impacto académico según el sexo. De un total de 1 750 investigadores, solo el 17,3 por ciento (303) fueron mujeres. De los 12 países analizados, la mayoría (ocho) no presentó diferencias significativas en el impacto académico según el sexo y solo cuatro presentaron estas diferencias, aunque con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (r < 0,3). Menos de la quinta parte de los investigadores considerados en la muestra fueron mujeres; sin embargo, en la mayoría de los países el impacto académico de las mujeres resultó ser similar y en algunos casos superior al de sus homólogos masculinos(AU)

Women are underrepresented in scientific production. Several studies show that women have less participation in the authorship of scientific articles. The objective of the present study was to determine if sex is associated with academic impact in researchers of Latin American countries. A comparison between the h-index and the number of citations was carried out. A bibliometric study was conducted with data from the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities page that periodically publishes rankings of researchers according to their profiles in Google Scholar. The first 150 positions from 12 Latin American countries were reviewed and the differences in academic impact according to sex were evaluated. Of a total 1 750 researchers, only 17.3 percent (303) were women. Of the 12 countries analyzed, the majority (8) did not present significant differences in academic impact by sex and only four presented these differences, although with a small effect size (r < 0.3). Less than one-fifth of the researchers considered in the sample were women; however, in most countries the academic impact of women was similar and in some cases greater than that of their male counterparts(AU)

Prevalence and Determinants of Adequate Compliance with Antenatal Care in Peru / Prevalência e determinantes da conformidade adequada à atenção pré-natal no Peru

Abstract Objective To determine the adequacy of compliance with antenatal care (ANC) by pregnant women in Peru and to identify the associated factors. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study of data from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable was adequate compliance with ANC (provided by skilled health care professionals; first ANC visit during the first trimester of pregnancy; six or more ANC visits during pregnancy; ANC visits with appropriate content) by women aged 15 to 49 years in their last delivery within the five years prior to the survey. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a log-binomial regression model. Results A total of 18,386 women were analyzed, 35.0% of whom adequately complied with ANC. The lowest proportion of compliance was found with the content of ANC (42.6%). Sociodemographic factors and those related to pregnancy, such as being in the age groups of 20 to 34 years and 35 to 49 years, havingsecondaryor higher education, belonging to a wealth quintile of the population other than the poorest, being from the Amazon region, not being of native ethnicity, having a second or third pregnancy, and having a desired pregnancy, increased the probability of presenting adequate compliance with ANC. Conclusion Only 3 out of 10women in Peru showed adequate compliancewith ANC. Compliance with the content of ANC must be improved, and strategies must be developed to increase the proportion of adequate compliance with ANC.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a adequação do cumprimento dos cuidados pré-natais (CPN) por mulheres grávidas no Peru e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal dos dados da Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Família Peruana de 2019 (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, em espanhol). A variável dependente foi conformidade adequada coma CPN (fornecida por profissionais de saúde qualificados; primeira visita CPN durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez; seis ou mais visitas CPN durante a gravidez; visitas CPN com conteúdo apropriado) por mulheres de 15 a 49 anos em seu último parto nos cinco anos anteriores à pesquisa. Os índices de prevalência bruta e ajustada e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados usando um modelo de regressão log-binomial. Resultados Foi analisado um total de 18.386 mulheres, das quais 35,0% cumpriram adequadamente o CPN. A menor proporção de conformidade foi encontrada com o conteúdo de ANC (42,6%). Fatores sociodemográficos e aqueles relacionados à gravidez, como estar na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos e 35 a 49 anos, ter educação secundária ou superior, pertencer a um quintil de riqueza da população que não a mais pobre, ser da região da selva, não ser de etnia nativa, ter um segundo ou terceiro gravidez, e tendo uma gravidez desejada, aumentou a probabilidade de apresentar conformidade adequada com CPN. Conclusão Apenas 3 em cada 10 mulheres no Peru mostraram conformidade adequada com o CPN. O cumprimento do conteúdo do CPN deve ser melhorado, e estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas para aumentar a proporção de cumprimento adequado com o CPN.

Acceso a servicios de salud dental en menores de doce años en Perú, 2014 / Access to oral health services in children under twelve years of age in Peru, 2014

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue explorar los patrones de acceso a servicios de salud dental en menores de doce años en Perú. Se revisaron datos de 25.285 niños menores de 12 años que participaron en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2014. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio espacial para proyectar las proporciones de menores con acceso a servicios de salud dental según regiones a nivel nacional, tipo de servicio de salud y lugar de residencia urbana o rural. Los resultados muestran que el 26,7% de la muestra tuvo acceso a los servicios de salud dental en los últimos seis meses. El 39,6% pertenecía al grupo etario de 0 a 4 años, el 40,6% habitaba en la zona andina y un 58,3% residía en zonas urbanas. Las regiones de Huancavelica, Apurímac, Ayacucho, Lima y Pasco tuvieron los mayores porcentajes de población que accedió a servicios de salud dental a nivel nacional. En conclusión, existe un bajo acceso a los servicios de salud dental para la población menor de 12 años en Perú. La distribución espacial del acceso a los servicios de salud dental permitiría identificar y agrupar regiones según patrones comunes de acceso para enfocar acciones en materia de salud pública.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to explore the patterns of dental health services access in children under twelve years of age in Peru. Data from 25,285 children under 12 years who participated in the Demographic and Family Health Survey of 2014 were reviewed. An exploratory spatial analysis was performed to project the proportions of children with access to dental health services, according to national regions, type of health service and urban or rural place of residence. The results show that of the total sample, 26.7% had access to dental health services in the last six months, 39.6% belonged to the age group 0-4 years, 40.6% lived in the Andean region and 58.3% lived in urban areas. The regions of Huancavelica, Apurimac, Ayacucho, Lima and Pasco had the highest percentages of access nationwide. In conclusion, there is low access to dental health services in the population under 12 years of age in Peru. The spatial distribution of access to dental health services allows regions to be identified and grouped according to similar access patterns, in order to better focus public health actions.